The United Nations Security Council International - Free Essay Example

The United Nations Security Council (henceforth SC) is the executive arm of the United Nations (UN). The SC consists of five permanent members (P-5), namely: the United States, Britain, France, Russia and China. In addition it has ten non permanent members which are chosen by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). Calls to reforming the most dominant organ of the United Nations, the Security Council have gained an increased consideration in the last few decades. The Reform proposals about mainly discussed about changing the membership or the working methods and other procedures adopted by the current SC. However, the question which arises from the proposed reforms is whether a change in the structure or the procedures will enhance the credibility of this institution. Hence the use of the journal and the two consecutives articles will play an integral in the dissertation process. It will give an insight how I will proceed in investigating why the SC should be reformed, why it is difficult to reform the SC and also the problems with present reform proposals. 2. C. Eduardo Vargas Toro  [1]  , UN Security Council Reform: Unrealistic proposals and viable reform options, 25 November 2008, American Diplomacy This article evaluates that the majority of reform proposals that have been b rought forward by different nations so far are either due to their quest for a permanent seat in the SC or to their will to prevent their rival from joining the security council. The author that claims that in any way, these motives will not bring along any reform to the Security Council, which he described as being flawed from the beginning. He mainly concentrates on the shortcoming of an enlarged membership of permanent members. According to him, an increased membership does not essentially mean an efficient SC as a larger group might slacken serious negotiations while at the same time being too small to represent todays world. the author also argue that it is merely self-interest and not democracy issues which lies behind these membership claims. Therefore it might prove difficult to reach a conciliation when it comes to political issues since each member state will be fighting for their own national interests. He claims by adding new members with veto powers will only hinder the SC from acting proficiently. The writer support this argument by stating that P-5 national interests already impede the SC from addressing issues closest to them and adding new veto members will further decrease the odds of a specific issue from being addressed. This editorial constitutes vital source on this subject that will help me in-depth analysis of the reform and veto issues since its proposed reforms are more focused on attainable objectives that eventually render the Security Council into a more effective and competent organization. Indeed, the scheme set forward by the writer are mainly to limit the use of the veto. he also claims that without the veto the SC might lack the necessary political and military might to carry out the functions for which it was created. However, the author adds that countries invoking the veto should be required to state and defend their reasons for using it. Unlike other reform proposals, the author points out that a set of well-de fined standing rules of procedures by the SC will be an effort to ensure that the power struggle over interpretation does not fall exclusively into the hands of the P-5, thereby avoiding their use of the double veto. moreover, the author proposes a triumvirate- institutionalised presidency. He emphasize a that such a presidency will allow the leadership of the SC to rest into an institution, He also believes that having a secretarial body provided for by the P-5 or E-10 groups of friends having a systematic experience to act as an institutional memory by providing a better understanding of the procedures which will be beneficial as well as an essential tool in creating an efficient SC. Finally the writer claims that the reforms of the UN Security Council has to look forward for more realistic objectives for the P-5 to accept as any amendment to the Charter obviously require their votes and its evident they will not go against proposals which will hinder their interest or power s. Thomas G. Weiss  [2]  , The Illusion of the UN Security Council Reform, Autumn 2003, The Washington Quarterly, 26:4 pp 147-161 Unlike the above piece of writing, the writer here consent that SC does not reflect the actual distribution of the 21st century power but he stressed on the fact that reform proposals deriving from diplomats have not yet addressed the imbalance between seats at the SC and the actual military capacity outside the SC chamber. He states that with a US global presence as great as that of any empire in history, it can be said at present that there are in fact two worlds organizations: The UN- global in membership and the US global in reach and power.(pg 152) he further states that jostling about the UN charter reform is a mere distraction, as the US will certainly not agree to take part in an organization whose aim will be to limit its big powers. the author prove his point by stating the UNs powerful capacity is only on loan, and UN led or UN approved military operations are carried forward only after the signature of Washington. He asserts that this fact wont alter until the Eur ope an steps in investing particularly on their defense system in order to acquire an equivalent independent military capacity as US. After having analysed the bombastic fireworks over the proposed reforms of the SC, the author is of the opinion that adaptation to the actual SC behaviour, rather than any formal alterations to either its membership or procedures, will rather improve the SC credibility. He refers to the steps taken by member states in enabling more transparency and accountability within the SC as a pragmatic modification in the SCs procedures. The author concludes by stating that the SC should preserve the aim for which it has been set up and that any change brought in the structure of this institution will not fight against its main weaknesses, among which the veto and complete reliance upon the US military force in projecting military power across the globe. Nico Schrijver Reforming the UN Security Council in Pursuance of Collective Security (2007) Journal of Conflict and Security Law 12 (1) 127 138 Unlike both articles, in this journal the author summarize the functions of the SC and says how the drafters wanted to set up an institutions unlike from the L.O.N  [3]  . He develops his arguments on how the SC enlarged after the cold war. With the challenges and tensions to security such as refugees and terrorism for example, urge the need of expansion. Throughout these recent threats he observed that the council took up a quasi-legislative role, by ratifying legislation that repeatedly applied to national law of the member states. He therefore raise the question of the SC taking on a more semi-judicial part. Schrijver responds to the main task of the SC which he decided should be an organ of limited membership capable of acting timely, decisively and with the power to enforce its decisions. nevertheless the major challenge to the SC is how to form a council adequately small for effective and efficient action  [4]  and large enough to work and its choices acceptable. T he writer look at the approaches to achieve this perfect council through Article 23 which distinguished between permanent and elected members  [5]  and refers to the expansion of elected seats in 1963 as a more adequate geographical representation and making it a more effective organ for carrying out its functions under the charter of the UN.  [6] He also looks for reform, arguing how they would increase to a council of 24, and would have a distinct view of geographically equalising membership. Nico examines Annans 2005 report and how none of the proposals put forward gained enough support. In the end the writer search for different ideas to those proposed for representativeness and effectiveness of the council. He also disputes if expansion is what is needed, would a council of 15 members not be as efficient as one of 24. Or even a change to membership this could be a way of giving substance to Article 23.  [7]  besides, he repeat on his expansion comments and aga in calls for an alternative method, an instance would be by bettering the way the council works. He notes that an increased council will not do any better unless it provides for more transparency, accountability and inclusiveness.  [8]

Communications Gender Differences in use of Linguistic - 1375 Words

Communications: Gender Differences in use of Linguistic (Essay Sample) Content: Gender Differences in use of LinguisticNameInstructorInstitutionDateThis research was conducted to establish whether men and women are different with respect to the use of tag questions, intensifiers and hedges in English and Persian. This study, based on Lakoff ideas regarding linguistic differences that exist between males and females were considered. In order to capture the most natural-like data, 8 Persian and 6 English and film scripts with a social and family theme were selected from amongst all the situations accessible in two libraries of the University. After all 9,280 utterances were deliberated; the results were then grouped into four major categories (Eckert McConnell-Ginet, 2013).Same gender and cross culture, cross-gender and the same culture, cross culture data and, cross-gender and cross culture was evaluated. The final results of the 21 Chi-squares calculated indicated that no significant difference between the four groups in the use of tag questions intensifiers and hedged. The answers of the study did not support Lakoffs opinion concerning gender-bound language at least in the three areas and the corpus examined in this research.It is evident that men and women from same social class and speech community may use different linguistic forms. The linguistic methods used by men and women normally contrast to some degree in all speech communities. For instance, the Amazon Indians language used by a childs mother is totally different from the one used by his father and every tribe is separated by a different language. In such community, males and females communicate in different languages.From many researchers, Lakoff proposed principles on the reality of womens language. Her book Language and Womans Place is a basis for many researchers on the subject (Pennebaker, Mehl Niederhoffer, 2003).To study Lakoffs hypothesis, the scholars picked three grammatical categories namely tag questions, intensifies and as the basis of analysis. T he hypothesis in Lakoffs work stated that women use intensifiers, tag questions, and hedges more than men do in English and Persian. This resulted in three null hypotheses listed as follows:There is no main difference that exists between the clusters under study on the usage of hedges.There is no major difference between the clusters under study on the usage of intensifiers.There is no major difference between the clusters under study on the usage of tag questions.To perform the study, the researchers made used English film scenarios that included Out of Sight, Blood Simple, Taxi Driver, China Town, American Beauty and My Beautiful Launderette. On the other hand, the Persian film situations used be smu:r (The Sables Night), z kre t: rn (From Karkheh to Rine), si:b (The Apple), beh:ye :sem:n (Children from the Heaven), otobu:s (The Bus) e:re neinh: (The Tenents), nu:n o goldu:n (Bread and vase), ru:si-ye xu:b:n (The Wedding of the Nice People) and Both scenarios selected had family a nd a social theme.The researchers used of scenarios found in media so, as to receive results that could depict the linguistic outcomes of normal people in natural environments. In their study, they understand that data established from scenarios were very similar, if not the same, to natural data. Poems from different sources were not used, because they were understood to be quite different from the normal language especially with respect to structure and sequences of elements. Its funny that there are communities where women and men speak the same language; however some different linguistic features appear in their language. Such differences range from vocabulary, to pronunciation or morphology (Taiwo, 2010).Scientists refer to Japanese, where distinct words, which have the same meaning, are used characteristically by men and women. For instance, in Japanese when a woman wants to refer to water, she says ohiya while a man uses the term miza. Mens language is normally considered to be assertive direct, adult, and while womens language is hyper-formal immature, non-assertive and polite (Spitzberg, 2006). To show clears example of intensifiers, hedges and tag questions the researchers reviewed each expression and jointly decided if an example of a tag question, hedge or intensifier had been investigated. Some verses were investigated from a book where relevant data was collected; the investigators first read English and Persian scenarios with great care. Afterwords, the number of sounds in the book was counted. The utterances further they were divided into two sections, those produced by males and those produced by females.Data Collection ProceduresTo collect the important data, the researchers read all the English and Persian scenarios with great care then, the number of utterances in every book was calculated. Afterwords, the utterances were separated into two sections, those produced by males and those produced by. The data presented in Table 1 below:Table 1: Frequency of tags, Intensifiers, Hedges as produced in English andPersian case by Males and Females.English scenarios Persian scenarios Males (U=2827) Females (U=1306) Males (U=3781) Females (U=1366) T 44 (1.55%) 8 (0.61%) 9 (0.23%) 9 (0.65%) I 110 (3.89%) 78 (5.97%) 110 (2.9%) 74 (5.4%) H 150 (5.3%) 77 (5.89%) 72 (1.9%) 74 (5.4%) I= Intensifier, H= Hedge, T= Tag, U= UtteranceIn this research, utterance was applied as the unit of speech, because there were a number of scenarios in Persian cases where a sentence did not stop in a full stop rather it stopped with a comma (Spitzberg, 2006). On the other hand, three or two sentences were joined by a conjunction like and. Additionally, the description of the sentence was vague. The investigators considered utterance to be a good device to follow up a comparative study (Hargie, 2010). All linguistic production of every person is considered as a sole utterance (For instance, in the extraction, John: How are you Jack? Jack: Fine, thanks )F indings and ResultsResults of data will be obtainable in four groups. In the first section, assessments are made between cross-gender, same culture data. Secondly, same gender, cross culture data. Additionally, cross gender, cross culture data will be worked on. Lastly in the fourth part contrasts are made between both genders.Statistics on Cross Gender, Same Culture DataAs indicated in the table, no Chi-squares calculated can reject the null-hypothesis. It is clear that there is no difference existing between English females and males with respect to the use of the three linguistic mentioned. Same results were created by Persian females and malesTable 2: The outcome of the Chi-square as Computed for Cross Gender, Same Culture Data. Cross gender, same culture English scenarios Persian scenarios Males vs. Females Males vs. Females T X= 0.4 NS X= 0.2 NS H X= 0.03 NS X= 1.32 NS I X= 0.43 NS X= 0.75 NS NS= Not Significant P 0.05Statistics on Same Gender, Cross Culture DataThe main rea son was to establish and compare the outcome of each gender in Persian and English scenarios concerning the use of Tags, intensifiers and hedges differently. Consequently, comparisons were established between the utterances made by males in English and Persian Table 3: The Results of the Chi-square as Computed for Same Gender, Cross Culture Data. Same gender , cross culture Males Females English/Persian scenarios English/Persian scenarios T X=0.97NS X=0.001NS H X=1.6NS X=0.09NS I X=0.97NS X=0.001NS NS= Not Significant P 0.05Table 3, the hypothesis similar and cannot be rejected regarding English an...

Examples Of Literary Elements In The Necklace - 1375 Words

Many authors utilize literary elements to allow readers to predict the plot, using details, and visualize scenes, using imagery. Two examples of these short stories are â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupossant and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† is about a materialistic woman who faces consequences because of her envious personality and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† is about a man who experiences daydreams randomly throughout the day. Although both short stories used literary elements, Guy de Maupassant utilized them for readers to understand and enjoy the story more than James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† is a short story of a middle-class woman, Mathilde, who borrowed a necklace from a friend to seem†¦show more content†¦But mine was only paste. Why, at most it was worth only five hundred francs!† (Maupassant 204). At that moment, Madame Loisel, as well as the readers, learn all the debt Mathilde and her husband went through was for nothing. If she hadn’t worried the consequences from the truth, the hard labor could have been avoided. This is ironic because throughout the whole story the necklace represented something expensive and high class, when in reality it was a fake. The Necklace can be described as a story with many detailed and vivid sentences, making each scene come to life in the readers mind. Even though there are many of these occurrences, the most animated example was right after Mathilde and her husband paid for the replacement necklace. When describing Madame Loisel’s hard labor, it is said â€Å"She washed dish es, wearing down her shell-pink nails scouring the grease from pots and pans; she scrubbed dirty linen, shirts, and cleaning rags which she hung on a line to dry† (Maupassant 203). This created a visualization and feeling of hard work and exhaustion, which was exactly what Madame Loisel was going through. The details about her nails, for example, form an image of physical wear down. This is significant because in the beginning of â€Å"The Necklace† it is explained that Mathilde cares deeply about her outward appearance. Because of the expensive necklace they replaced, her materialisticShow MoreRelatedLiterary Elements In The Necklace And The Tiger1509 Words   |  7 Pages Authors have used literary elements to alter and enhance their readers’ experiences for centuries. Short stories are often full of these literary elements, giving the author the power to control and manipulate the emotions of everyone who reads their story. Whether it is through teaching an i mportant lesson about materialism and irony or inspiring thought provoking questions, the use of literary elements can illuminate any story. The short stories The Necklace and The Lady, or The Tiger are twoRead MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1381 Words   |  6 Pagesutilize literary elements to allow readers to predict the plot using details and visualize scenes using imagery. Two examples of these short stories are â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† was about a materialistic woman who faced consequences because of her envious personality and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† was about a man who experienced daydreams randomly throughout the day. Although both short stories used literary elementsRead MoreLiteray Analysis of The Necklace1155 Words   |  5 Pagesnature of greed. Guy De Maupassant, the author of The Necklace, perfectly shows how greed can le ad to bad outcomes in the short story. Guy De Maupassant, one of the fathers of the short story, was born on August 5th 1850. A quote representing the legacy of Maupassant French writer of short stories an novels of the naturalists school who is by general agreement the greatest french short story writers(Bennet). In his short story, The Necklace, Maupassant focuses mostly on greed. He portraysRead MoreThe Necklace And The Kiss By Guy De Maupassant1604 Words   |  7 PagesIn both the â€Å"The Necklace† and â€Å"The Kiss† both written by Guy De Maupassant are classic short stories that embody all literary elements. Like most short stories Maupassant takes the reader on many twists and turns, making the reader assume what is to happen next only to surprise you with what actually happens. In â€Å"The Necklace† social class, lust, and an unfortunate mistake lead a married couple to endure years of hardship. In â€Å"The Kiss† an experienced aunt wr ites a letter to her heartbroken nieceRead MoreStructural and Textural Irony Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary elements such as metaphors, similes, alliteration, the use of personification, and the use of irony are primary tools and building blocks for great literature. With the incorporation of literary elements, an insignificant story of occurrences can be transformed into a literary work of art presenting depth and purpose to its audience. While many short stories are flooded with a number of various literary elements, Zora Neale Hurstons Sweat, William Sydney Porters The Last Leaf, GuyRead MoreA Wasteful Fashion in The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant1149 Words   |  5 Pagesbooks, and one volume of verse. In his short story, ‘The Necklace’, the main character, Mathilde Loisel, feels as if she should have been born rich but instead was born into a life of poverty. One day her husband, knowing Mathilde longed for this rich life, presented her with an opportunity to attend a rich party. After initially refusing, Mathilde finally agrees to go and goes out to buy a nice dress and borrow a beautiful diamond necklace to wear at the party and fit in with the rich crowd. WhenRead MoreShort Stories Of The Nineteenth Century1266 Words   |  6 PagesMaupassant to receive two very different kinds of upbringings. His debauched father, Gustave de Maupassant, saw no trouble in engaging his son in a similar life of titillation whereas his mother, Laure Le Poitevin, introduced him to English and Italian literary classics. He received his early education from his mother and later at a Lyceum. He began studying law in Paris at the age of nineteen which was cut short by the Franco-Prussian war of 1870, when he enrolled in the army. After his discharge and aRead MoreLiterary Elements In The Gift Of The Magi2148 Words   |  9 PagesAuthors use literary elements to enhance their writing through details to describe a scene in the author’s writing, or use language to elevate the story. â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† by O. Henry and â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant, both use many literary elements to give their writing more depth. â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† uses irony throughout the story when Della and her husband, Jim, both do not have enough money to buy each other gifts for Christmas. â€Å"The Necklace† uses a lot of detail to show whatRead MoreThe Necklace, Mr. Maupassant910 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Necklace† Mr. Maupassant tells a story of a woman, Mrs. Loisel, who goes through many emotions over the loss of a necklace that ends up being a fake. As she goes through these situations Mr. Maupassant gives examples of literally elements that prove what kind of person she turns out to be. Throughout the story Mrs. Loisel is conflicted with many problems just to realize who she became and how she took advantage of what she already had in her life. When it turns out to be too late she thenRead MoreTheme Comparison3403 Words   |  14 PagesTheme Comparison: The Necklace amp; The Story of an Hour A short story, â€Å"The Necklace† (â€Å"La parure†) by Guy de Maupassant in 1884 and a poem, ‘The Story of an Hour† written by Kate Chopin in 1894 are literary works that are very comparable yet are different. The two women, Madame Mathilde Loisel and Louise Mallard, portrayed in these literary works are protagonists who have trouble because of conflicting expectations imposed on them by society. Both Mathilde Loisel and Louise Mallard want something

Why We Need Immigration Reform - 1168 Words

Why we need immigration reform Immigration is important to America and so is Immigration reform. The laws we have in place are unfair and unsuccessful to all of us. In order to progress we need to look in our country’s past to advance to our future. Our economy and society can learn and advance with immigration reform. Our laws on Immigration need an upgrade and most politicians would agree that we need immigration reform also. Immigration reform is the renewal of our immigration laws, but little progress has been made to make this a reality. Obama has made several actions to hopefully allow immigrants to have a chance to become citizens, but no new laws have been put into action. Presidential candidates are speaking a lot about immigration reform. Democrats tend to want laws to become more relax while republicans tend to be opposing that view. Democrats want to allow immigrants a better chance at becoming citizens. Republicans want to close our borders; some are more extreme than others. Many people think that allowing more people in our country will increase drugs and crime rates but statistics say otherwise. â€Å"Increasing amount of people are coming from central America seeking asylum† according to CFR Senior Fellow Edward Allen. People are coming for a better chance at life and hoping that The United States will supply that gift. There’s not any evidence proving that allowing people in the U.S will somehow increase drug rates. So why do we treat peopleShow MoreRelatedWhy We Need Immigration Reform1168 Words   |  5 Pages Why we need immigration reform Immigration is important to America and so is Immigration reform. The laws we have in place are unfair and unsuccessful to all of us. In order to progress we need to look at our country’s past to advance in our future. Our economy and society can learn and advance with immigration reform. Our laws on Immigration need an upgrade and most politicians would agree that we need immigration reform also. Immigration reform is the renewal of our immigration laws, butRead MoreA Broken System Of My Mother1716 Words   |  7 Pagesbe taken away from me. One late night, from basketball game, my mom was driving me back home when out of nowhere behind us we saw blue and red flashing lights, telling us to pull over. In that moment both of our hearts stopped and we both knew what was going happen. The police officer told us he had pulled us over for not have a turning signal on when we switched lanes. While we waited for the officer to check her license and insurance, my mom and I had already resigned that she was going to be takenRead MoreImmigration Senior Project1544 Words   |  7 PagesSenior Project Immigration Obama’s Immigration Reform Xihara Rosario Class 172 Mrs. Prysler Northeast High School Outline 1. Introduction What is my topic? Why I chose it? What do I already know about my topic? What I expect to learn? 2. Body Definition of Immigration Types of Immigration The first habitants in United State were Immigrants Immigration reform issues right now Implements that reform needs to happen Immigration outcome and implications for AmericansRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of President Barack Obamas Speech912 Words   |  4 Pagesposition on immigration in the United States. His audience in the auditorium consisted of American citizens and immigrants who supported him in his second presidential campaign. The school in the state of Nevada was chosen due to its majority Latino student body to allow the President to address a group whose primary concern during the campaign was immigration reform. In his speech, President Barack Obama establishes the need for comprehensive immigration reform pertaining illegal immigration as wellRead MoreImmigration Reform1221 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration Reform is a serious and current issue in politics, in government, and in the lives of millions of people. Immigration reform is a term used by the American government and in politics. It refers to the changes to the current immigration policies in the United States. â€Å"Reform† is defined as a â€Å"change into an improved form or condition, by amending faults or abuses.† So, in a nutshell, Immigration Reform means the improvement of the law regarding how we, the United States, handle immigrationRead MoreEssay on Why should the U.S have border patrol?1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿United States Border Patrol: Why should the U.S have border patrol? Illegal immigrants have always been a problem in the United States for some time now. â€Å"In October 2008, the illegal immigrant population stood at 11.9 million according to the Pew Hispanic Center† (Illegal Immigration Facts Statistics†). An efficient border patrol in our country would be a good step in the right direction to stop illegal immigration and the effect it has on our country. Illegal immigrants are at fault for suchRead MoreUndocumented Immigration Is It Bad For The United States981 Words   |  4 PagesUNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRATION IS IT BAD FOR THE UNITED STATES ECONOMY? Most American citizens either think or agree that immigrants are stealing their jobs, and ruining the economy; are immigrants causing Americas economy to flounder or are they holding it a float and in need of some reform and change to the immigration system. We may just need to adjust how immigration is handled to reduce that number of undocumented immigrants to reduce the unknown. With the recent election giving us Donald trump asRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1204 Words   |  5 Pagesof their roots, they are caught between two cultures, each beckoning, each offering rich rewards† There are many reasons of why people migrate to the United States. One of them is the poverty of the country that they live in. People who have children and see them having different needs and necessities go broken hearted because of not being able to afford many things kids need, some people don’t even have a home to live in or money to buy food. The situations in countries like Africa and Latin AmericaRead MoreThe United States Immigration Reform817 Words   |  4 Pages Astou Sow Immigration reform The United States Immigration Reform is specifically targeting the problem of 12 to 20 million undocumented workers in the United States. How would you trust and come out of the shadows if at any point the government changes their minds and deports you. As an immigrant there was times when I felt like I would be deported because of fear from how I got into this country. My dad would always blackmail me and my sisters to do what he wants or he would deport us and heRead MoreCause/Effect of immigration reform971 Words   |  4 Pagesyou think of immigration? What is the United States’ current Immigration Policy? Would you even think that it is considered to be one of the most debatable topics today? Nowadays, many people decide to immigrate to have a better life for themselves and their families. Immigration reform, as it has been called, had been tried during the past years by our very own Congress. Obviously, administrations efforts failed because, currently, illegal imm igration is still a platform. Why would anyone

Geoffrey Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales - 944 Words

Most notable of Geoffrey Chaucer’s writing style in The Canterbury Tales is how he uniquely characterizes each and every member of such a large ensemble cast. Following the General Prologue, the mindful observations of the narrator demonstrate that the pilgrims are intended to serve as a veritable cross-examination of medieval society at large. The peasants, the elite, and the clergy are all represented, serving as means of making greater statements concerning who they are and the world they share. These are further elaborated upon in the tales themselves; namely in those of the Knight, the Miller, and the Wife of Bath, each of which reflect the development and motivations of their respective characters, not to mention their relationships between one another as well. As befitting of the noblest member of the company, the Knight is presented as a good and honorable soul; one who holds himself in particularly high standing and dignity. His tale deals with love in its more refined sensibilities, coupled with the moral dilemmas of truth and justice that come about when leading a chivalrous lifestyle. In his storytelling, he relates grandiose philosophies and bombastic notions to the other pilgrims, seeming all the more long-winded through doing so. He eventually seems to reach a point of a feigned sort of eloquence; a sophistication which is far more style over substance for its own sake. As a result of this, whatever greater meaning he may have had in mind through craftingShow MoreRelatedGeoffrey Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales1781 Words   |  8 Pagesrelationship and were wholly looked down upon. During these women s lifetimes, sovereignty was sought after but never fully achieved. Women were looked at as a way to please the man and someone to car ry his child when time came. In modern time, the extremist who don t support equality among women and men are known as misogynists or anti-feminists. On the side of the spectrum, those who do support equality are known as feminists. Geoffrey Chaucer, who is by some considered a proto-feminist writer, is oneRead MoreThe Friar s Tale Of Geoffrey Chaucer s Canterbury Tales Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesWalker Mr. Abel British Lit/comp. 7 November 2016 The Friar’s Tale Many pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales held a religious position. Some of these people’s personal ideas have caused debates and criticism over Chaucer’s opinion of the Catholic Church. Critics have discussed the ideas that were presented both subtly and openly. Two of the pilgrims and their tales will be discussed: the Prioress and the Pardoner. Both of these tales offer points of criticism in the Catholic Church. The PrioressRead MoreAnalysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer s Canterbury Tales Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesto better themselves. This first exploit of trust can be found within Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. While the whole entire work exposes corruptions within the Catholic Church during Chaucer’s time, the breaking of trust is actually demonstrated within the Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale. At the end of the Pardoner’s tale, he offers the pilgrimage relics, for a fee of course. However, at the prologue of the Pardoner’s tale, the Pardoner himself has explained how the Catholic Church and other fellowRead MoreAnalysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales 1697 Words   |  7 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer Thinking of Geoffrey Chaucer one may only consider him as the author of The Canterbury Tales but like most authors they are not only their best works. Unfortunately for most late poets and authors their history isn’t much known, it is usually not documented in general. Yet fortunately for Chaucer he has worked for people who do get their history written about which makes his past a little more well known than other poets of his time. 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Describe The Organization s Current Risk Management Policies

†¢ describe the organisation’s current risk management policies, procedures and processes and comment on the strengths and weaknesses of these arrangements As a Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU) or responsible contractor, you are required by law to provide a safe system of work. This means you need a method of communicating and implementing a way of working safely. The basis for this process begins with your Workplace Health Safety Management System. The chosen risk management policy was created in July of 2011; it alludes back vigorously to AS/NZS 4801:2001 being the Australian standard. 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Dimensional Printing Of Ceramic Scaffolds †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Dimensional Printing Of Ceramic Scaffolds? Answer: Introducation This paper seeks to comprehend the information behind the 3D printing activities and processes. The 3D printing has a history from the early centuries in Greece where 3D objects were made similarly to each other. The printing involves the modelling and design, development in the software and finally machining. There is a business side to the same concerned on the return on investment and increase in the number of sales. It is considered as additive manufacturing that is due to the fact that instead of removing material to create a part or the entire design model (Hobson, 2012). The design undergoes prototyping of specialized parts and considers other future applications. The 3D printing technique solves some of the shortcomings of the traditional machining technologies used in production at industrial or manufacturing level. 3D printable models are generated using the computer aided design software through a three-dimensional scanner or from an ordinary cardinal camera or software. The blue-collar modelling process of fixing geometric data for three-dimensional mainframe graphics is analogous to the physical molding of objects (Fratzl, 2007). In 3D printing, there is an additive industrial course that creates the three-dimensional objects from the 3D digital information provided. The three-dimensional digital models are sliced into many 2D cross-sections. These sectional parts are then printed out on top of each other. There are other 3D printers that are subtractive manufacturing processes such as the CNC and milling processes(Lipson Kurman, 2013). These processes are considered a separate group and are referred to as the machining processes. There are different kinds of processes involved in the production of 3D materials, Powder based processes Solid based processes Paper-based processes Liquid-based processes Initially, one starts with the three-dimensional models that are at the design stage. The information is input in the three-dimensional software or an object is scanned with the 3D scanner, if one wants to fabricate a real-life object or download an actual file (Anderson, 2012). The larger set of folks, still have qualms about 3D printing. Such doubt is attributed to the fact that it still has many unexplored horizons. Similarly, the technology has newly raised concerns about safety and issues dealing with piracy.The 3D printing software groups the model into many 3D cross-sections. As the world keeps evolving, new technologies begin emerging. But only a few new technologies, change the world completely and deeply impact peoples lives(Kaur, 2012) When the 3D model is sliced, the data is directed to a 3D printer which reconstructs the object one layer atop each other. The 3D printers move along the three-axis on the X, Y, Z coordinates. This is done using the FDM printer (Kamrani, 2006). One of the most significant uses for 3D printing is inside the medical industry(Greenemeier, 2013). In the medical sphere, the medical practitioners are able to make a replica of the parts from the patients bodies when the need to be operated on. The reproduction of the 3D printing ideas makes it possible to make a part from the software in just a couple of hours.The idea of 3D printing has occurred for centuries with an origin in Greece. The 3D printing or rapid prototyping is used in engineering to create models and prototypes much faster. The traditional manufacturing processes such as the injection molding, are cheaper per unit they are expensive and time consuming to setup or tooling and so a quick alternative was sought (Berman, 2012). The 3D printed parts and the open source GNU software licensing it allowed individual users to drive innovations. Up until the year 2005, the 3D printing was quite expensive and, for the better part, it is available only for the manufacturing industry. There was a RepRap project conducted by Adrian Bowyer in the year 2005 that was a collaborative challenge to create a self-replicating machine. The project made the 3D printing use cheaper technology, adopt a patent expiration strategy, and was made open source (D'Aveni, 2013). The traditional casting method takes four to five months. One of their current projects involves implementing a 3D printer inside future shuttles in order to easily replace broken parts and build objects that might be needed in outer space(Seitz, et al., 2005). They have also begun testing on 3D-printed rocket injectors.The creating 3D models are made using Computer Aided Design. There are solid modelers and mesh modelers are meant to model in solids. They are advantageous for 3D printing since models will be manifold and all models are exported to meshes before printing. The parametric modelers are using a set of rules to define an object. It is used in the medical and aerospace industry and the metal parts are modelled. The 3D printing faces a number of challenges include, Limited and high cost of materials Unreliability of machines (20% reject rate) Challenges scaling up technology Speed and IP Environmental concerns, surface finish, resolution Mechanical properties, post processing, and still only making shapes. There are seven different types of 3D printing such as the substantial extrusion (FDM) as most public technology and desktop replicas are widespread. There is the material jetting which provides more professional prototypes, multi-materials, and common in design firms. The binder jetting is the visual prototypes, tooling, investment casting for the larger platforms. Different research cases have shown that it is actually possible to have printouts of a wide range of materials. There is a lot of emerging use of the print technology in the automobile and medical spheres. The sheet lamination has reams of paper act as the base materials, low strength, and opportunities for decent resolution color. The Vat Polymerization is the SLA is the oldest 3D printing technology, high resolution but relatively, and low strength parts, and the new desktop versions are available. The print technology has the ability to remove several materials from the system or model being designed. Powder based system (SLS) has a wider range of materials, very strength, functional parts, base materials is in powder form and it is still at the industrial scale. Directed Energy deposition uses the electron Beam melting to perform the modelling and printing. When an industry performs customized production of materials, it is not cost effective to use an industrial complex for production. The materials or different designs can be produced separately using the 3D printers to ensure that the system generates a customized product. The usage is common for vintage cars and custom-made vehicles that are rare and their spare parts are not obtained on a large scale. The use of 3D printing has increased the component functionality. A lot of factors need to be considered such as the thermal constraint to ensure that the high thermal conductivity of a structure is maintained and the print ing process does not destroy a component. The system of 3D printing has a number of merits such as, The product formation is currently the main use of 3D printing technology. The surgeons and dentists are using the 3D printers to print sections of the body before doing the complex surgeries. The machine constructs body parts such as the grafts for the patients who have been through the traumatic injuries. These are used to create replacement organs such as tooth or jaw sections. The NASA engineers have advanced the technology in the aerospace applications. The team at NASA uses the Fused Deposition Modelling to perform additive manufacturing of the very complex shapes and durable enough systems or structures. In aerospace engineering, some of the parts of the aircrafts require the full model before assembly. The architects are also great users of the 3D printing. For a long time, architects have been using blue print plans to show designs but with the advent of 3D printers, the architects can use them to illustrate the design to their clients Artists can demonstrate their objects and ideas that are incredible and yet difficult and expensive to achieve using the current concepts with the traditional processes. The 3D printers save the organization a lot of time, effort, and the system reduces errors that are encountered when generating 3D objects using traditional means. Evalution There are variations of 3D printing technology such as the stereolithographic, FDM, and powdered Bed. The UV light is used to harden photosensitive photopolymers and resins. There are fused deposition modelling and plastic jet printing has a melted plastic filament pushed through a nozzle or an extruder. The common plastics are the ABS and the PLA. A granular bed of materials is selectively fused together by a laser. There are various materials such as metal alloys, metal powders, thermoplastics, and ceramic powders. On the economic scale, the additive manufacturing is currently a $2.2 billion industry globally. The market is expected to triple by the 2018 to about $6 billion. The injection molding market expected to be $252 billion in 2018. People use the 3D printing for prototyping, low volume manufacturing, tooling, consumer products, customization and personalization, art and design, education, and medical implementation. The three-dimensional modelling has design freedom and wha t you design is what you print. The 3D printers are able to achieve smoother and finer finishes than the machining techniques done by millers and lathe machines or even the CNC machines. The printer can produce products with very thick or thin measurements exactly as designed by the engineers or architects. The products are able to capture the look or feel of the future products. Conclusion In a nutshell,the 3D printing is still being developed and the literature review shows that there are many benefits and caveats with regards to its utilization. There are great accomplishments with regards to the development of the 3D printing especially in the medical and construction field. For now, it is something that has to be further looked into in order to fully understand its extents whether good or bad. There is need to have more investment in the research and development of improved 3D technology versions. The propulsion in 3D printing enables the different organizations to get value for their investments. There is a better future for the 3D printers as more industries are embracing the technology and it is becoming more affordable as the technology evolves. One of the greatest areas to evolve is the medical sphere where the medics are now generating even artificial bone structure for surgery purposes and implants. References Anderson, C., 2012. The new MakerBot Replicatior might just change your world. Wired Magazine, [online]. Available at: https://www.wired.com/design/2012/09/how-makerbots-replicator2-will-launch-era-of-desktop-manufacturing/ [Accessed 4 November 2012] Aron, J., 2012. 3D printers tell you when your design will fail. New Scientist Magazine, [online]. Available at: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21528785.800-3d-printers-tell-you-when-your-design-will-fail.html [Accessed 4 November 2012] Berman, B., 2012. 3D Printing: The New Industrial Revolution. Business Horizons, 55(2), pp.155-162 Brooks, M., 2012. 3D printing is enough to make anyone lose their cool. New Statesman, [online]. Available at: https://www.newstatesman.com/michael-brooks/2012/10/3d-printing-enough-make-anyone-lose-their-cool [Accessed 4 November 2012] D'Aveni, R., 2013. 3-D Printing Will Change the World - Harvard Business Review. [Online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2013/03/3-d-printing-will-change-the-world/ Flaherty, J., 2012. Formlabs creates a low-cost, light-based 3D printer. Wired, [online]. Available at: https://www.wired.com/design/2012/09/formlabs-creates-a-low-cost-light-based-3-d-printer/ [Accessed 4 November 2012] Fratzl, P., Weinkamer, R., 2007. Nature's Hierarchical Materials. Progress in Materials Science, 52, pp.12631334 Greenemeier, L., 2013. To print the Impossible: 3D Printing. Scientific American , 308(5), pp. 44-47. Gibson, I., Rosen, D. W., Stucker, B., 2010. Additive Manufacturing: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing. London: Springer Heathcote, E., Roux, C., Things ain't what they used to be... Financial Times, [online]. Available at: https://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b2a9fa26-19f3-11e2-a179-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2AlgrPOc6 [Accessed 4 November 2012] Hobson, R., 2012. Manufacturing dead? Not for long. We are all 3D printers now. London Loves Business, [online]. Available at: https://www.londonlovesbusiness.com/business-news/tech/manufacturing-dead-not-for-long-we-are-all-3d-printers-now/3119.article [Accessed 4 November 2012] Kamrani, A., Abouel, E., 2006. Rapid Prototyping: theory and practice. New York: Springer Kaur, S., 2012. How is "Internet of the 3D Printed Products" Going to affect our lives?. IETE Technical Review, 29(5), pp. 360-364. Lipson, H. Kurman, M., 2013. Fabricated: the new world of 3D printing. Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley Sons. Seitz, H. et al., 2005. Three-Dimensional printing of porous ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Journal of Biomedical.